2018年教师资格考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》（高级中学）押题及答案解析（二）

请阅读Passage 2，完成第1—5小题。

Passage 2

   Anthropologists believe that laughter dates back millions of year--we were laughing long before we were verbally communicating. Whether you speak Chinese,English or Swahili,a laugh or smilc has virtually Lhe same meaning all over the world.

   Human beings love to laugh,and Lhe average adult laughs 17 times a day. Humans love to laugh so much that there are actually industries built around laughter. Jokes,situation comedies and comedi-.ans are all designed to get us laughing,because laughing makes us feel good. But why do we laugh?After all,iCs not exactly a trait we share with other animal species. Philosopher John Morreall believes that the first human laughter may have begun as a gesture of shared relief at the pasqing of danger.And qince the relaxation that results from laughter inhibits the biological fight-or-light response,laughter may indicate trust in one's companions.

   Many researchers believe that the purpose of laughter is related co making and strengthening human connections. Laughter occurs when people are comfortable with one another,when they feel open and free. And the more laughter there is,the more bonding occurs wiLhin the group. This feedback "loop" of bonding-laughter-more bonding,combined with the common desire not to be singled out from the group,may be another reason why laughter is often contagious. We laugh 30 times as much when we're with oLher people than we do when we are alone and laughing is not a solo activity.

   Laughter is a great thing-that's why we've all heard the saying, " Laughter is the best medicine. " There is strong evidence that laughter can actually do a number of positive physical things to improve health and help fight diseases. Blood pressure is lowered,and there is an increase in blood flow and in oxygenation of the blood,which further assists healing. In addition,people often store negative emotions,such as anger,sadness and fear,rather than expressing them. Laughter provides a way for these emotions to be harmlessly released. That's why s"me people who are upset or stressed out go to a funny movie or a comedy c:lub,so they can laugh the negative emotions away. Otherwise,theae negative emotions,when held inside,may cause biochemical changes that can affect our bodies.What may surprise you even more is the fact that researchers estimate that laughing 100 times is equal to 10 minutes on the rowing machine or 15 minutes on an exercise bike. lAughing can be a total body workout !

请阅读Passage 1，完成第1-5小题。

Passage 1

  There was a time in my life when beauty meant something special to me. I guess that would have been when I was about six or seven years old,just several weeks or maybe a month before the orphanage tumed me into an old man.

  I would get up every moming at the orphanage,make my bed just like Lhe little soldier that I had become and then I would get into one of the two straight lines and march to breakfast with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived in rny dormitory.

  After breakfast one Saturday morning 1 retumed to the dormitory and saw the house parent chasing the beautiful monarch butterflies who lived by the hundreds in the bushes scattered around the orphariage.

  I carefully watched as he caught these beautiful creatures,one after anocher,and then took them from the net and then stuck straight pins through their head and wings,pinning them onto a heavy cardboard sheet.

  How cruel it waq to kill something of such beauty.I had walked many times out into the bushes,all by myself,just so the butterflies could land on my heacj.face and hands so J could look at them up close.

  When the telephone rang the house parent laid the large cardhoard paper down on the back cement step and went inside to answer the phone. I walked up to the cardboard and looked at the one butterfly who he had just pinned to the large paper. It was still moving about so I reached down and touched it on the wing causing one of the pins to fall out. Jt started flying around and around trying to get away but it was still pinned by the one wing with the other scraight pin. Finally its wing broke off and the butterfly fell to the ground and just trembled.

  I picked up the Lorn wing and the hutterfly and I spat on its wing and tried to get it to stick back on so it could fly away and be free before the house parent came back. But it would not stay on him.